Cloud points of aqueous SOLUTIONS of poly ethylene glycol (PEG)/inorganic salts are measured using the particle counting method. The average molecular weights of PEG are 3,350 and 10,000. NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 are the inorganic salts used. Measurements are done for different weight percentage of PEG and salts in water.

Background and Aim: Electrolyte disorders in hospitalized children have several causes. One of the most important and common causes is using inappropriate maintenance intravenous fluids. This study aimed to investigate the effect and type of maintenance of intravenous fluids on the incidence of electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized children. Methods: This research is a prospective cohort study. Non-surgical hospitalized children were divided into two groups based on the type of intravenous fluid received (normal saline [0. 9% NaCl] or half saline [0. 45% NaCl]). After matching two groups in terms of age and gender, the incidence of electrolyte disturbances (sodium and potassium) was evaluated in the two groups on the second and third days of the study. Results: A total of 163 patients were included in this study. About 55. 5% of the children were boys, and 44. 5% were girls. The Mean±, SD age of the children was 48. 42±, 36. 35 months, and their mean weight was 19. 49±, 10. 88 kg. Also, 50. 6% of patients were in the half saline group and 49. 4% in the normal saline group. Initially, serum sodium and potassium levels were normal in both groups. On the second and third days of the study, the incidence of serum sodium and potassium disorders was higher in patients who received half saline fluid, but this higher incidence was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference between normal saline and half saline in terms of electrolyte disturbance if the patient’, s clinical condition is judged correctly and an appropriate volume of fluids is prescribed.

The micellization of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ) in water/electrolyte environment was investigated using the conductivity measuring technique. In aqueous SOLUTIONS of water, sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) at various concentrations and temperatures, a number of physico-chemical parameters, including the critical micelle concentration (CMC), fraction of bound counter ions ( ), and thermodynamic properties ( 𝑚, , , and( m), were determined for the SDS/PMZ mixture. The findings demonstrated that the CMC values decreased in the presence of PMZ and continued to decline monolitically in the electrolytic media (NaCl, KCl, and NH4Cl), with the order being CMCNaCl > CMCKCl > CMCNH4Cl. The SDS/PMZ mixture's CMC values changed with temperature. The negative values of 𝑚 suggested that a spontaneous aggregation event existed in the SDS/PMZ system. The values of  and  showed that the PMZ molecule interacted with SDS via hydrogen bonds, ion-dipoles, and hydrophobic interactions. In addition, the system's standard molar heat capacity ( m) was assessed and established with the required reasons. These results might offer a solid scientific basis for the continued use of this model as medication delivery systems.

In this work, reactive absorption of gases in aqueous electrolyte SOLUTIONS has been investigated resulting in the development of a procedure in order to calculate the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase. Two duplicate experiments were conducted to investigate simultaneous reactive absorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide in partially carbonated ammonia SOLUTIONS. The experiments were carried out employing an absorption pilot plant. The compositions of the ELECTROLYTES (ammonia and carbon dioxide groups) have been determined using principle knowledge of electrolyte SOLUTIONS. The results revealed that the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase drastically influence the absorption rates of ammonia and carbon dioxide.